I update this blog less frequent than once per year, which sometimes makes me question why do I keep paying for this site. Be able to update blogs is always my pursuit, unfortunately there were always more code to write. It has been more than one year, last time I was still on how to MSAA on OpenGL 4, somehow it felt like a decade ago. The peaceful developing world took an interesting turn. A long run bull market is killed and NYSE triggered circuit break 4 times in 10 days. People are joking they now have 75% of Warren Buffet’s experience. Will this gonna be the story we told our grand children born after 2020? “You know back in 2020, it was a crazy year…”. We just saw the quarter of it, I am kind of expecting the crazier in the rest, will it be massive unemployment and a scary recession will be waiting? This week the market has recovered a bit of its confidence somehow, despite the Covid-19 cases are surging. A friend used to tell me, it would be a point where many will be killed by the virus and people just don’t care anymore, looks like the market is at that point.

Deferred MSAA, always has been a good problem. In the spatial anti-aliasing domain, MSAA is still the swiss-army knife, handle almost all the case.

Some other post-processing methods like nvidia’s FXAA, AMDs MLAA, or DLAA. FXAA is rather pleasing in many cases as well, especially if you are a video game developer, as long as your rasterization implementation does not screwed up. But for the case like grass rendering, fur rendering, when you have many layers of thin line, FXAA will fail you. Just like the pixels annotated in the image below.

The last post I laid out the story of me with wayland. Technology is fascinating isn’t it? Every once a while, there are plenty of new projects that aim to start an revolution, getting people excited. Projects like systemd, Wayland, Vulkan make us think how come we did not think of those before, they seemed perfect at the moment. Technologies always work like a rush of hot wave, our sights are limited at the moment we are in, maybe 5 years from now, even vulkan is not sexy anymore. For ten years, community has been urging everyone to jump on the boat of wayland. Some major platform adopted it, just there is no money in it. Major platforms like GNOME and KDE are not even mature yet, KDE developers also worries about the future of the wayland, will it last 30 years like X window?

It was a good will.

5 years ago, I read a blog about the future of linux desktop, I was using a window manager called Awesome (one of my friend introduced it to me, I was enchanted by how he opened two terminals side-by-side, one for coding and one for compiling). A voice about next generation desktop was just raised in the linux community , a group of hackers demod the weston project, where you can rotate the application windows. They also pointed out the existing problems in the x server architecture(basically it is too old, let us just replace it). It is cumbersome, too many components, easily dead after package upgrade.

Rotation, combined with translation and scaling, are the three affin transforms we do every day in the 3D nutshell universe. The rotation itself, however, is somehow much more complicated than the other two transform, it is one really needs a matrix representation among all three. Representations and computation of it has been developed for years. We have systems like Axis-angle representation, matrix representation, euler angles and quaternions. Despite I have known them for a long time, when I forgot, the rotation is still complicated. Here I am writing this again, as easily understanding as possible, for my future-self (or I can just travel through time to ask myself now).

I have been trying to create a animation system for my OpenGL Project for a long time, one of the reason is I have limited amount of time after starting the full-time job. Another problem was that, I mean, if I intend to keep it a clean project rather than just a school project, building a animation system is like a rabbit hole, 30 lines of code got me another 100 lines of work, it only leaded me deeper and deeper. Well, it is a perfect opportunity for me to explain the story here. The amount of skeletal animation that I found online, especially good blogs are less than a dozen. Gladly, I would like to point it out here, there is a good youtube video series you can follow, it is in Java, the author provided the source code for reference. Khronos has a shader example here and there are a few others.

Template is a confusing and hard features in C++ if you want use it well, and I think it is also one of the reason which causes c++ programmers cannot understand each other. Sometimes the Deduction rule for c++ is really confusing, you don’t understand why you code doesn’t work or why it works. And Since STL heavily uses nesting Templates, both your compiler and your mind suffers from that.

The MVP Matrix

$\text{Model} * \text{View} * \text{Projection}$ is the first lesson to render (the so called render is the process so that people can see it on a 2D screen )objects in Computer Graphics, which transfer a 3D object in object space into, in the end, a UV plane.

The Model matrix is simple and easy to understand, simply the translation, scale and rotation, but View matrix and Camera matrix are not obvious(although you can get it for free by single call from glm::lookAt() and glm::perspective()).

It is 2016, low level coding is not needed anymore. We have programming languages like javascript and python. When people code everything with a class and related methods. But do you remember we have a programming language called C? When we had no class, templates, operator-override or implicit constructor at esthat time. You actually know what are doing with C, no magic!

I claim no expert to programming, since I only have a four-year-old programming life. But even you are inexperienced like me, you should still be able to code some thing in C. IT IS fatigue to code in C, you have no standard containers to rely on, you spend 10 hours to build a perfect deque data type which works on amortized O(1) complexity and has no memory leaks before you are able to work on your project. Awesome!!! But why? Why try to build a huge robust data structure in a non-OOP language? Instead of trying simulate constructors and destructors, you could always use a double pointer to do the job. Have you ever seen Linus Torvalds’s double pointer code? It removes on special case where you would make mistakes.

I have been studying in programming for 6 years, since my first day of undergrad life. I haven’t realized it has been so long, this studying life already took away most of my youth. I was a kid without knowing the toughness of life, to a young man need to worry about jobs and how to start having family.

The computer industry changed vastly in this period. There was no Cloud Computing, Machine Learning was only known in Academics. Universities taught students how to code in VC++. Now everything is different.